Análise da influência da retirada do leito de idosos na UTI e da continuidade da fisioterapia na enfermaria sobre o tempo de permanência, a readmissão e a mortalidade / Analysis of the influence of bed's withdrawal of the elderly in the ICU and the continuity of physical therapy in the ward on length of stay, readmission and mortality

Objetivo: Analisar a influência da retirada do leito de idosos na UTI e da continuidade da fisioterapia na enfermaria sobre tempo de internação, readmissão e mortalidade. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte histórico realizado por meio dos registros de idosos egressos de UTI de um hospital público. Verificou-se as caracterí­sticas clí­nicas e o ní­vel de gravidade dos pacientes pelo escore SAPS 3 (Simplified Acute Physiology Score III). Analisou-se a retirada do leito na UTI, o ní­vel de mobilização alcançado e a continuidade da fisioterapia na enfermaria. Observou-se a relação entre essas variáveis e os desfechos ocorridos. Resultados: Os 133 idosos estudados apresentaram média de idade de 70 ±7 anos; 66,1% eram homens; 78,2% foram retirados do leito na UTI e, após a admissão na enfermaria, 51,9% receberam fisioterapia. O tempo médio de internação após a alta da UTI foi de 27,6 dias; 11,2% dos pacientes foram readmitidos em unidades crí­ticas e 18% foram a óbito. Os idosos que não foram retirados do leito na UTI e aqueles que mantiveram o ní­vel de mobilização após a admissão na enfermaria apresentaram maior readmissão e mortalidade. Conclusão: Parece existir menor risco de readmissão e de mortalidade em pacientes submetidos í terapêutica de retirada do leito na UTI. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the influence of bed's withdrawal of elderly in the ICU and the continuity of the physical therapy in the ward over length of stay, readmission and mortality. Methods: This is a historical cohort study carried out through the registries of elderly patients from the ICU of a public hospital. The clinical characteristics and the level of severity of the patients by the SAPS 3 (Simplified Acute Physiology Score III) were verified. The ICU bed removal, the level of mobilization achieved and the continuity of physical therapy in the ward were analyzed. It was observed whether there was a relationship between these variables and the outcomes. Results: The 133 elderly studied had mean age of 70 ± 7 years; 66.1% were men; 78.2% of the patients were removed from the hospital bed and, after ward admission, 51.9% received physical therapy. The mean length of hospital stay after discharge from the ICU was 27.6 days; 11.2% of the patients were readmitted in critical units and 18% died. The elderly who were not removed from the ICU bed and those who maintained the level of mobilization after admission to the ward presented higher readmission and mortality. Conclusion: There seems to be a lower risk of readmission and mortality in patients undergoing ICU bed removal therapy. (AU)

The Simple Bilateral Gluteus Maximus Myocutaneous Advancement Flap for Coverage of Sacrococcygeal Pressure Sore: Refinements and Introduction of "Bomb-Shape" Design

The sacral area is the most frequent site of pressure sore. Because bony prominence is broad and flat along with little soft tissue padding. Between many muscle flaps, the gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap is the most reliable one for surgery of sacral pressure sores. After complete resection of ulcer, the gluteus maximus muscle detached from its original site including posterior iliac crest. After adequate dissection proceeded and bony prominence removed, flap repair is done at the central line. When performing this flap, most surgeon use elliptical design and incision. In the past, we also used elliptical incision and sometimes experienced some drawbacks especially when wound extended close to anus. There are difficulties on repair of perianal skin, central tension of long vertical scar, perianal skin adhesion and natal cleft distortion and resulting asymmetry of gluteal contour and contamination of operation site by defication. After review of the photographs in the references dealing with pressure sores, we had an impression that there are skin adhesion near the anus in some cases and actually experienced such cases in other surgeon's operations. This time, we applicate new design called the "Bomb-shape" design when performing this flap to patients who have a broad wound extent close to anus or perianal skin. The "Bomb-shape" design is a concept of adding bilateral subcutaneous incisions to lower part of classic elliptical incision and we named as such because it resembles the military bomb in shape. We expect the effect of preserving the perianal skin and preventing the skin adhesion or natal cleft distortion and performed this procedure in 15 patients whose defect close to anus. Consequently, benefits of this method are spreading tension of vertical scar, decreased contamination in wound care, earn skin stability without perianal skin adhesion or natal cleft distortion, so maintain the symmetry of gluteal contour and get better cosmetic result. There is no significant increase in operation time in that no need of handling the "dog-ear", and all 15 patients have good results and are satisfied, so we introduce this flap design carefully with concurrent review of literature.

Tempo de internaçäo por infarto cerebral: permanência hospitalar näo justificada / Causes of unjustified hospital stay following cerebral infarction

Os autores buscaram determinar a frequência e as causas de prolongamento desnecessário de internaçäo hospitalar por infarto cerebral agudo. Foram estudados 20 pacientes admitidos nas primeiras 48 horas após o inÝcio dos sintomas e randomizados para o International Stroke Trial, estudo multicÛntrico de avaliaçäo de drogas antitrombóticas. Foi utilizado o protocolo de R. S. Goldman e col. (1996) de avaliaçäo de duraçäo de internaçäo, frequência e razöes alegadas para a permanência hospitalar näo justificada (PHÑJ). O tempo médio (mÚdia + desvio padräo) de internaçäo para os 20 pacientes foi 13,1 + 11,5 dias (mediana=10 dias). Doze pacientes (60 por cento) tiveram um ou mais dias de PHÑJ). Nestes 12 pacientes, 83 (62 por cento) dos 134 dias de internaçäo foram considerados desnecessários (6,9 + 4,6). A principal razäo alega para PHÑJ nestes pacientes foi a necessidade de realizaçäo de exames complementares disponíveis no hospital, como ecocardiograma transtorácico e duplex-scan dos vasos cervicais. A idade, o sexo, o local de internaçäo do paciente ou a necessidade de transferência näo se associaram ao tempo de hospitalizaçäo. Em conclusäo, a duraçäo da hospitalizaçäo após o infarto cerebral pode ser drasticamente reduzida pela otimizaçäo do uso de métodos diagnósticos disponíveis no hospital estudado.

The Experience of Concurrent Review of blood Transfusion Requests / 대한수혈학회지

Blood utilization review has recently been used to minimize inappropriate transfusion, reduce post transfusion infections and improve the quality of transfusion practices. Ajou University Hospital is a 906 bed tertiary care teaching institution. Since March, 1995, the concurrent review of blood transfusion requests using institutional blood transfusion criteria has been initiated. To evaluate the effectiveness of the transfusion review, the units of blood components transfused per patient(total number of units of blood components transfused/total number of patients discharged) and inappropriate transfusion ratio of blood components(total number of units of blood components inappropriately transfused/total number of units of blood components transfused) were compared during the concurrent review for 9 months and pre-concurrent review for 9 months, respectively. The possible savings of blood components realized by the review were also extrapolated. The results were as follows : 1. The unit transfused per patient for pre-review and during review were 0.675 (9,080/ 13,422) and 0.654(12,123/18,546) for packed RBC(PRBC); 0.417 (5,602/ 13,422) and 0.296 (5,444/18,546) for fresh frozen plasma(FFP); 0.372(5,007/13,422) and 0.424(7,868/18,546) for platelet con-centrates(PC), respectively. 2. The inappropriate transfusion ratio of blood components for pre-review and during review were 0.039 and 0.009 for PRBC; 0.321 and 0.064 for FFP; 0.143 and 0.008 for PC, respectively. These differences were statistically significant(p=0.000). 3. The PRBC and FFP anticipated to have been saved by this review was 519 units and 2,992 units annually, respectively. 4. However, 2,621 units of PC were used additionaly during this review due to increased number of oncology patients and better hemostatic therapy practiced during the same period. In conclusion, the concurrent review of transfusion requests was very effective tool to educate residents in clinical departments the transfusion medicine and improve utilization of blood and its components.

Metodologia para comparaçäo de indicadores hospitalares / Metodology for comparison between hospital indicators

Este trabalho discute método para padronização, a partir do perfil de nosologias atendidas, do tempo de permanência e da taxa de mortalidade, usados como indicadores de consumo de recursos e de severidade, para comparação entre hospitais.

Abstract - This paper discusses a case mix adjustment metbod applied to lenght-of-stay and mortality rate, used as resources consumption and severity indices to compare hospitais